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[Kattis] Permuted Arithmetic Sequence

An arithmetic sequence is basically a sequence of numbers where each new term is obtained by adding a fixed number to the last one.

Benford’s Law states that in the numerical datasets of decimal format, the leading digit of any number is much more likely to be a 1.

Illusion of control simply means that we overestimate our ability in creating a desired outcome.

Catalan numbers are a sequence of natural numbers with applications in many counting problems and combinatorial mathematics.